The character of the individual is formed by his or her responses to their influence in the following ways:Ĭompensation is a tendency to make up for underdevelopment or inferiority of physical or mental functioning through interest and training, usually within a relatively normal range of development. In his view, an individual derives his or her personality traits from external factors that arise out of drive for superiority. The theory of compensation, resignation and over-compensation Īccording to Adler, humans are primarily motivated by an inferiority complex. Both maintain that the individual human being is the best determinant of his or her own needs, desires, interests, and growth. He laid stress on areas such as hated children, physical deformities at birth, birth order, etc.Īdler's theory is similar to the humanistic psychology of Abraham Maslow, who acknowledged Adler's influence on his own theories. Adler based his theories on the pre-adulthood development of a person. These confrontations determine the final nature of a personality. According to him, a person has to combat or confront three forces: societal, love-related, and vocational forces. He gave special prominence to societal factors. The term "individual" is used to mean the patient is an indivisible whole.įurther information: Alfred Adler § Basic principlesĪdler moved the grounds determining a person’s psychology from sex and libido, the Freudian standpoint, to one based on the individual evaluation of world. Adler said one must take into account the patient's whole environment, including the people the patient associates with. The term "individual psychology" does not mean to focus on the individual. His method, involving a holistic approach to the study of character, has been extremely influential in later 20th century counselling and psychiatric strategies. While Adler initially called his work "free psychoanalysis", he later rejected the label of " psychoanalyst". In developing the concept of individual psychology, Adler broke away from the psychoanalytic school of Sigmund Freud. The papers cover the whole range of human psychology in a single survey, and were intended to mirror the indivisible unity of the personality. The English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925) is a collection of papers and lectures given mainly between 19. Individual psychology ( German: Individualpsychologie) is a psychological method or science founded by the Viennese psychiatrist Alfred Adler. ![]() School of psychology founded by Alfred Adler
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